By his own admission, in a poem preserved in a medieval biographical dictionary, al-Bīrūnī claims that he did not know his own father, much less his family origins. C’est à ce moment qu’il découvre l’Inde et qu’il rédigera l’un des plus importants ouvrage sur l’Inde et de ses religions. par Redaction 1 janvier 2014. écrit par Redaction 1 janvier 2014. Ce n'est pas parce que c'est banal que c'est normal. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He also travelled to South Asia or Central Asia (modern day Afghanistan) with Mahmud of Ghazni (whose son a… In the introduction to his book on pharmacology, he wrote about the importance of language in identifying drugs and in that context took an excursion into the relative worth of languages. Al-Bīrūnī also dedicated his Al-Āthār al-bāqiyyah ʿan al-qurūn al-khāliyyah (The Chronology of Ancient Nations) to Qābūs. Là, il reçut des enseignements fondamentaux comme les mathématiques par des maîtres de cette discipline et commença à correspondre avec le jeune Ibn Sina, connu en Occident sous le nom d’Avicenne. Al-BIRUNI'S INDIA by Edward C. Sachau. Al-Bīrūnī lived during a period of unusual political turmoil in the eastern Islamic world. He studied mathematics and astronomy under Abu Nasr Mansur. En savoir plus sur comment les données de vos commentaires sont utilisées. Génie de l’époque médiévale, il excellait dans un large spectre de disciplines. In his search for…, …as the scholar and scientist al-Bīrūnī or the poet-mathematician Omar Khayyam. Né en 973 dans un faubourg de Kath (actuel Ouzbékistan) Al-Bīrūnī, Afzal Muḥammad […] My profile of El Anatsui, whose greatness goes far beyond his famous bottle-cap sculptures, in this week’s @NewYorker https://t.co/BbuA2zT6al. Après la conquête du pays par le sultan Gh̲aznawide Maḥmūd b. Subuktakīn, al Biruni est fait prisonnier et emmené à Ghazna en Sidjistan (Afghanistan actuel) entre 1016 et 1017. Furthermore, in a perfect al-Bīrūnī manner, each work contains extremely original comments on seemingly unrelated subjects. For example, in the introduction to his book on gems, al-Bīrūnī gave an elaborate description of man’s place in nature and society and the social need for economic systems. For example, he raised questions about the formation of mountains and explained the existence there of fossils by positing that Earth was once underwater. A universal genius that lived in the Central Asia a thousand of years ago, al-Biruni “was so far ahead of his time that his most brilliant discoveries seemed incomprehensible to most of the scholars of his days”, so wrote Bobojan Gafurov in his … The Taḥdid nihāyāt al-amākin li-taṣḥīḥ masāfāt al-masākin (“Determination of the Coordinates of Places for the Correction of Distances Between Cities”) is al-Bīrūnī’s masterpiece in mathematical geography. L’homme qui dit avoir découvert le virus du SIDA l’a t’il inventé ?. En l’an 1031, Al Biruni en est convaincu : il existe un autre continent sur lequel les hommes de son époque n’ont pas encore posé pied. Al Jazari, le savant musulman qui a inventé la robotique moderne. Almost half of the titles were on astronomical and mathematical subjects. Né dans une famille iranienne, Al Biruni a passé les vingt-cinq premières années de sa vie à Kath, en bordure sud de la mer d’Aral. Nous ne nous tairons pas. He studied mathematics and astronomy under Abu Nasr Mansur. https://www.britannica.com/biography/al-Biruni, MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive - Biography of Abu Arrayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni, al-Biruni - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). AL BIRUNI: PERSIAN SCHOLAR, LINGUIST AND ASTROLOGER Abu al-Rayhan Mohammad ibn-Ahmad Al-Biruni, known simply as Al Biruni, was one of the greatest scientists and scholars of the Islamic Golden Age, having a stature roughly equivalent to that of Al-Razi and Ibn Sina, or Avicenna. “Al-Biruni.” Islamic Culture 5/6 (1931/1932): 343-351, 363-369. He also travelled to South Asia or Central Asia (modern day Afghanistan) with Mahmud of Ghazni (whose son a… . Al Mamun, the Abbassid caliph took special interest in mapping the world so to know what fraction of it was under his own control. À Djurdjan, à la cour du sultan ziyāride Abū l-Ḥasan Ḳābūs, il composa son premier ouvrage traitant de divers sujets : calendriers et ères, problèmes mathématiques, astronomiques, météorologiques…. George Sarton, the founder of the History of Science discipline, defined al-Biruni as “one of the very greatest scientists of Islam, and, all considered, one of the greatest of all times”[1,2]. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Al-Bīrūnī, in full Abū al-Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī, (born Sept. 4, 973 ce, Khwārezm, Khorāsān [now in Uzbekistan]—died c. 1052, Ghazna [now Ghaznī, Afg. Polygotte, il choisit de rédiger ses traités scientifiques en arabe, en alternant cependant parfois avec le persan. Al-Bīrūnī, Afzal Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Abū al-Reḥān (né le 4, ou le 15 septembre 973 à Kath, Khwarezm, Grand Iran — ville de l'actuel Ouzbékistan, mort le 13 décembre 1048, ou vers 1052 à Ghazni) est un érudit persan. Être une femme sur internet, c'est s'exposer à du harcèlement sexiste. Il place alors tous les endroits connus … Sur la nouvelle carte du monde qu’il imagine, il place tous les endroits connus de son époque et s’aperçoit qu’il n’est pas possible que la Terre, avec la forme qu’il lui a attribuée, puisse garder son équilibre. Al-biruni did first to calculation of the Earth's in Tilla Jogian - The highest peak in the Eastern Salt Range in Province of Punjab Pakistan. Al Biruni maitrise parfaitement le persan, l’arabe et le chorasmien, la langue de la dynastie sunnite qui régnait alors sur une grande partie de l’Iran. Thus, not only did al-Bīrūnī not miss a chance to demonstrate the very useful role of the mathematical sciences in religion, but he also used the occasion (as he had done in his treatise on astrology) to include other scientific matters. C’est à ce moment qu’il découvre l’Inde et qu’il rédigera l’un des plus importants ouvrage sur l’Inde et de ses religions Description de l’Inde, qu’il achèvera en l’an 1030. Actualités International. Hummingbird5356 on November 11, 2016: Iran is the modern name for Persia. Non, le maquillage n’est pas haram en Islam ! Al-Biruni (Kath, Corasmia, 15 de setiembre del 973 - Gazni, 13 d'avientu de 1048) foi un matemáticu, astrónomu, físicu, filósofu, viaxeru, historiador y farmacéuticu persa.. Foi unu de los intelectuales más destacaos del mundu islámicu. His book on Indian culture is by far the most important of his encyclopaedic works. However, it is impossible Despite the fact that most people believed that astrology was “the fruit of the mathematical sciences,” as al-Bīrūnī called it, his personal opinion of the discipline was “as weak as that of its least adherents.” However, he was fully aware of the importance of astrology as a tool for teaching mathematical and astronomical disciplines. Ce n’est pas Christophe Colomb qui aurait découvert l’Amérique, mais un autre homme, dont le nom n’apparaîtrait à aucun endroit dans les livres d’histoire. He said this in the context of demonstrating his total disgust with flattery, even when it was being directed at him. He was born in Khwārezm, in the region beyond the ancient Oxus River (the river now known as the Amu Darya), and he was educated by a Khwārezm-Shāh prince, Abū Naṣr Manṣūr ibn ʿIrāq, a member of the dynasty that ruled the area and possibly a patron of al-Bīrūnī. 1973 Soviet Stamp commemorating Al Biruni Mapping an area of land under jurisdiction has always been a priority of empires. Polygotte, il choisit de rédiger ses traités scientifiques en arabe, en alternant cependan… After all those disciplines were clearly laid out in question-and-answer format, al-Bīrūnī then allowed his patron to venture into astrology proper—but not before warning her that he himself thought little of the subject. Al-Bīrūnī’s Maqālīd ʿilm al-hayʾah (“Keys to Astronomy”), Al-jamāhir fī maʿrifat al-jawāhir (“Gems”), Kitāb al-ṣaydanah (“Pharmacology”), and Ifrād al-maqāl fī amr al-ẓilāl (The Exhaustive Treatise on Shadows), to name only a few, dealt with specific subjects, but in each case the subject was given comprehensive treatment. Al-Bīrūnī, Afzal Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Abū al-Reḥān [1] (né le 4 [2], [3] ou le 15 [4] septembre 973 à Kath, Khwarezm, Grand Iran — ville de l'actuel Ouzbékistan, mort le 13 décembre 1048 [3], [4] ou vers 1052 [2] à Ghazni) est un érudit persan. Nevertheless, he managed to become the most original polymath the Islamic world had ever known. Pour comprendre l’importance de son apport, il faut savoir que 500 ans avant Galilée, il commença a étudier l’hypothèse de la rotation de la Terre autour de son axe et de sa révolution autour du Soleil : ce que l’on appelle la théorie héliocentrique. There is only one hint, in a book known only by its title from other sources, Ibṭāl al-buhtān bi-īrād al-burhān (Disqualifying Falsehood by Producing Proof), that he ever approached such speculative cosmological questions. For example, al-Bīrūnī developed new algebraic techniques for the solution of third-degree equations, drew a subtle distinction between the motion of the solar apogee and the motion of precession, and explored many other applied mathematical techniques to achieve much higher precision and ease of use of tabulated astronomical results. But even if the impulses for geometric design were originally created at the highest intellectual level, the designs themselves rapidly became automatic patterns. « Ils s’engagent », série vidéo sur les actions citoyennes de lutte contre l’extrémisme, politique et religion, brève histoire du wahhabisme, Covid_19, s’engager contre les fausses informations, “Sens critique”: un atelier créatif d’encouragement à l’esprit critique, est-il le premier homme à avoir découvert l’Amérique. Muhammed Ibn Ahmed Abu Raiham Al Biruni, a fost un enciclopedist arab. Dénoncer le harcèlement, c'est s'exposer à environ 10 fois plus de harcèlement sexiste. The Life of Al-Biruni (973-1048 AD) Abu Rayhan Muhammed ibn Ahmad al-Biruni was born just before sunrise on 4 September 973. (He also raised these questions in his book on India). Al-Bīrūnī, in full Abū al-Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī, (born Sept. 4, 973 ce, Khwārezm, Khorāsān [now in Uzbekistan]—died c. 1052, Ghazna [now Ghaznī, Afg. His early patronage by the Khwārezm-Shāhs did not seem to have lasted long, for one of their subordinates rebelled against his master and killed him, thus causing a civil war (c. 996–998) that forced al-Bīrūnī to flee and seek patronage from the more formidable Sāmānid dynasty, which ruled the vast eastern lands of Islam, comprising what is now eastern Iran and much of Afghanistan. Listing al-Bīrūnī’s works is relatively easy, for he himself produced an index of his works up to when he was about 60 years old. His Istīʿāb al-wujūh al-mumkinah fī ṣanʿat al-asṭurlāb (“Exhaustive Book on Astrolabes”) discusses the possibility of Earth’s motion, as a consequence of a particular case of one astrolabe projection, only to dismiss it quickly as philosophical speculation that should not preoccupy the practical astronomer and applied mathematician. Né dans une famille iranienne, Al Biruni a passé les vingt-cinq premières années de sa vie à Kath, en bordure sud de la mer d’Aral. 1973 … Channel Al-Biruni ID adalah channel edukasi dan hiburan bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? In 1017 A.D., Sultan Mahmud, ruler of a great empire in what is now Afghanistan and Iran, brought to his court at Ghazna many of the most brilliant scholars of the Islamic world. Officiellement on lui assigne le statut d’astrologue de la cour. In both cases he treated these matters with a scientific objectivity that matches the modern explanation. Selain tergolong dalam nama bayi islami dari asal bahasa Arab, unik nya kata ini ada pada arti dan maksud nama Biruni yang memiliki makna Nama ulama besar juga seorang ilmuwan, banyak menulis tentang ilmu perbintangan, matematika, dan geografi. Né vers 484, le moine Brendan, dit “le Navigateur”, se hasarde vers 544 dans l’Atlantique, en quête du jardin d’Eden. He was born in Khwarazm, then part of the Samanid Empire (modern Khiva, Uzbekistan). Officiellement on lui assigne le statut d’astrologue de la cour. Après la conquête du pays par le sultan Gh̲aznawide Maḥmūd b. Subuktakīn, al Biruni est fait prisonnier et emmené à Ghazna en Sidjistan (Afghanistan actuel) entre 1016 et 1017. En savoir plus sur comment les données de vos commentaires sont utilisées. Prévenez-moi de tous les nouveaux articles par e-mail. Dec 17, 2014 - five hundred years before the Renaissance. Il peut alors se pencher sur le problème de la détermination de sa circonférence exacte. He served more than six different princes, all of whom were known for their bellicose activities and a good number of whom met their ends in violent deaths. He was a colleague of the fellow philosopher and physician Abū Alī ibn Sīnā (Avicenna), the historian, philosopher and ethicist Ibn Miskawayh, in a university and science center established by prince Abu al-Abbas Ma'mun Khawarazmshah. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. At Qābūs’s court, al-Bīrūnī met the famous philosopher-scientist Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) and exchanged with him a philosophical correspondence that did not lack jealousies and slighting. The Ghaznavid and Seljuq periods produced first-rate scholars such as al-Bīrūnī (died 1048) who, writing in Arabic, investigated Hinduism... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Or la Terre est bien en équilibre, alors qu’y a-t-il sur le reste de la planète ? Ce site utilise Akismet pour réduire les indésirables. Au Danemark, une femme imame combat l’extrémisme et défend un “féminisme musulman”. See more ideas about mathematician, al biruni… Maḥmūd took Ghazna as his capital in 998 and demanded that both al-Bīrūnī and Avicenna join his court. ), Muslim astronomer, mathematician, ethnographist, anthropologist, historian, and geographer. Taken together, these two works preserve the best premodern description of the cultures al-Bīrūnī came to know. Certes, al-Biruni n’est pas un explorateur de le trempe des Vikings, qui en l’an 100 ont posé le pied en Amérique sans se rendre compte de leur déouverte, ou de Christophe Colomb. Des maths (mais pas seulement) pour mes élèves (et les autres). Voici ce que je reçois depuis hier. Avicenna managed to escape, but al-Bīrūnī did not, and he worked in Ghazna until the end of his life when he was not accompanying Maḥmūd on his campaigns into northern India. Né dans une famille iranienne, Al Biruni a passé les vingt-cinq premières années de sa vie à Kath, en bordure sud de la mer dAral. ), Muslim astronomer, mathematician, ethnographist, anthropologist, historian, and geographer. Les champs obligatoires sont indiqués avec *. Among them was Alberuni (or Al Biruni), who was renowned as a mathematician, astronomer, and political philosopher. A short while after al-Bīrūnī found refuge in the Sāmānid capital of Bukhara, a prince of another local dynasty, Qābūs ibn Voshmgīr, was also dethroned and sought help from the Sāmānids to regain his throne. Al-Biruni's only direct contribution to cartography was a sketch map showing this distribution. Alors Al Biruni est-il le premier homme à avoir découvert l’Amérique, quelques quatre siècle avant Christophe Colomb ? Under the pretext of teaching astrology, he devoted almost two-thirds of this voluminous work to teaching his patron, the otherwise obscure Rayḥānah for whom the book was written, elementary mathematics, astronomy, geography, chronology, and the making of the astrolabe as an observational instrument. Al-Biruni a beau revendiquer le titre de “découvreur virtuel” des Amériques, le saint irlandais Brendan de Clonfert aurait, selon certains récits, rallié le Nouveau Monde bien plus tôt. Of his own personal background even less is known. Là, il reçut des enseignements fondamentaux comme les mathématiques par des maîtres de cette discipline et commença à correspondre avec le jeune Ibn Sina, connu en Occident sous le nom dAvicenne. Al-Bīrūnī, Afzal Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Abū al-Reḥān1 (né le 42,3 ou le 154 septembre 973 à Kath, Khwarezm, Grand Iran ville de l'actuel Ouzbékistan, mort le 13 décembre 10483,4 ou vers 10522 à Ghazni) est un érudit persan. Some of the mathematical works of this prince were written especially for al-Bīrūnī and are at times easily confused with al-Bīrūnī’s own works. Il s’agirait d’Abu Rhan al-Biruni, un astrologue, voyageur et physicien, nous apprend le magazine mensuel britannique History Today. Fusillade à Grasse : pour la fachosphère, le tireur est forcément “musulman”. Ces dernières, couplées à ses propres observations vont lui permettre de déduire que la Terre est ronde. After a period in which al-Bīrūnī undertook extensive travels—or rather escapes from wars, and a constant search for patrons—the entire domain of the Sāmānids fell under the brutal reign of Maḥmūd, son of Sebüktigin. Its expressive title, Taḥqīq mā li-l-hind min maqūlah maqbūlah fī al-ʿaql aw mardhūlah (“Verifying All That the Indians Recount, the Reasonable and the Unreasonable”), says it all; it includes all the lore that al-Bīrūnī could gather about India and its science, religion, literature, and customs. Nevertheless, al-Bīrūnī’s original input is clearly noticeable in almost every chapter. Là, il reçut des enseignements fondamentaux comme les mathématiques par des maîtres de cette discipline et commença à correspondre avec le jeune Ibn Sina, connu en Occident sous le nom d’Avicenne. An equally encyclopaedic scientific work is the inimitable Al-Qānūn al-Masʿūdi (“The Masʿūdic Canon”), dedicated to Masʿūd, the son of Maḥmūd of Ghazna, in which al-Bīrūnī gathered together all the astronomical knowledge from such sources as Ptolemy’s Almagest and “Handy Tables” after having had these two particular works updated. Original et réfléchi, il étudia les mathématiques, physique, astronomie, sciences naturelles… tout en étant un homme de lettres érudit, habile chronologue, linguiste confirmé, astucieux géographe et historien. Only a minuscule number of his output, 22 titles, has survived, and only about half of that has been published. En réalité il va accompagner le sultan dans ses expéditions militaires. Besides being a challenging mathematical problem, determining the direction of Mecca is a religious requirement for the performance of the ordained five daily prayers in Islam. Selon certains scientifiques, Christophe Colomb ne serait pas le premier homme à avoir découvert le continent américain. In it he not only defended the role of the mathematical sciences against the attacks of religious scholars who could not understand the utility of the mathematical sciences but also detailed all that one needed to know about determining longitudes and latitudes on land. Al-Bīrūnī did not seem to have any interest in the subject of astronomical cosmology, a subject usually broached by authors of a genre of Islamic astronomical literature called hayʾah texts that were much in the tradition of Ptolemy’s Planetary Hypotheses but often critical of that tradition. Little is known of his early life. jonnycomelately on April 30, 2016: The Ghaznavid and Seljuq periods produced first-rate scholars such as al-Bīrūnī (died 1048) who, writing in Arabic, investigated Hinduism and gave the first unprejudiced account of India—indeed, of any non-Islamic culture. In that context he wrote of precious metals and gems, which were considered foundational for any economic system, and he wrote of diamonds and their particular social importance. Pourtant, il pourrait être considéré comme un découvreur de l’Amérique. The rest of the book details all the various projections of astrolabe parts, mainly retes (star projections), that al-Bīrūnī was familiar with or could imagine. Il y a environ mille an, au XI siècle, vivait à la cour de Ghazna en Afghanistan Afzal Muhammad ibn Ahmad Abū al-Rayhān al Biruni, le plus grand savant de son époque. Si Kaddour Ben Ghabrit, le “Juste” musulman de la Mosquée de Paris. Help was apparently given, for the next record of al-Bīrūnī is when he was in the company of Qābūs in the city of Gurgān near the Caspian Sea.
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